Do you know that pampering your furry baby excessively can give him a bunch of diseases? Let me explain before you judge me. A survey conducted in late 2023 by the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention (APOP) revealed that 58% of dog owners admitted to giving their dogs treats more than once a day. The same survey indicated that 82% of dogs received treats at least once daily, which contributes significantly to their overall caloric intake and can lead to weight gain.

Just like humans, dogs can suffer from both overweight and underweight conditions, each with its own set of health risks. Obesity is a growing concern in pet dogs all around the world. This condition can lead to various health problems, including diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease, ultimately reducing the quality of life and lifespan of affected dogs. 

Maintaining a healthy weight for your dog is crucial for their overall well-being. Dog owners need to understand the causes, symptoms, and consequences of obesity in their pets to take necessary preventive measures. Obesity in dogs can be caused by a combination of factors, including overfeeding, lack of exercise, and genetic predisposition. 

Early detection and intervention are crucial in managing canine obesity and preventing its associated health risks. Let's find out more details and effective ways to manage a healthy weight in pet dogs.

Understanding Ideal Weight

The first step in managing your dog's weight is understanding what their ideal weight

should be. This can vary greatly depending on factors such as:

• Breed: Different breeds have different body structures and metabolisms
• Age: Puppies and senior dogs have different nutritional needs
• Activity Level: Active dogs require more calories than sedentary dogs
• Health Conditions: Certain medical conditions can affect a dog's weight

For example, the ideal weight of a beagle is usually around 10 to 12 kg, and that of a German shepherd is between 31 and 39 kg.

How do you determine the body condition of your pet dog?

There are some general guidelines that pet owners can follow to ensure their dog is at a healthy weight.

Severely Underweight

A severely underweight dog will look bony from a distance. Their ribs, lumbar vertebrae (lower back bones), and pelvic bones can be seen under the skin. Body fat isn’t discernible under the skin, and there is a noticeable loss of muscle mass.

Underweight

An underweight dog will have easily felt ribs that may be visible under the skin. Body fat may not be felt under the skin, and there may be noticeable bony spots under the skin. From above, the waist (behind the ribs) is obvious, and from the side, the abdomen is significantly tucked up.

Ideal Weight

A dog at an ideal weight will have easily felt ribs without excess fat covering them (may or may not be visible). From above, the waist can be seen behind the ribs, and from the side, the abdomen is tucked up and does not run straight back to the legs.

Overweight

An overweight dog will have ribs that can be felt with difficulty due to fat covering them. There will be noticeable fat deposits over the base of the tail and lumbar area. The waist is absent or barely visible, and there may be an abdominal tuck present.

Severely Overweight

A severely overweight dog will have massive fat deposits over the thorax (from the neck to the abdomen), spine, and base of the tail. The waist and abdominal tuck are absent, and there will be visible or palpable fat deposits under the skin on the neck and legs. The abdomen will be obviously distended and hanging.

Ideal Weight for Different Pet Dog Breeds

• Small Breeds (up to 10 kg ): These breeds include Chihuahuas, Yorkshire Terriers, and Shih Tzus. Ideal weight ranges from 1.4 kg - 2.7 kg for toy breeds and up to 10 lbs for small breeds.

• Medium Breeds (10.4 - 25 kg ): Examples of medium breeds are Beagles, Bulldogs, and Cocker Spaniels. They typically weigh between 10.4-25 kg when at their healthiest.

• Large Breeds (25.4 - 45 kg ): This group includes Labrador Retrievers, Collies, and Boxers. They usually weigh between 25 - 45 kg.

• Giant Breeds (over 45 kg ): These are the largest breeds, such as Great Danes, Mastiffs, and Saint Bernards. They can weigh over 45 kg when at their optimal weight.

It is important to note that these are general guidelines and individual dogs may have slightly different ideal weights based on factors like genetics and lifestyle. It’s best to consult with a veterinarian to determine the ideal weight for a specific dog.

How to check whether your pet dog is obese or not?

Check Your Dog’s Body Shape

If your dog looks round and oval-shaped from above, it’s likely overweight. A defined waist and straight build down the sides indicate a healthy weight.

Feel for Your Dog’s Ribs

If you can easily feel your dog’s ribs without pressing hard, they are fit. Overweight dogs have difficulty feeling their ribs due to excess fat.

Look at Your Dog From the Side

A sagging waist or swinging stomach is a sign of an overweight dog. A healthy dog’s abdomen should be tucked up and not at the same level as the chest.

Check Your Dog for Fat Pads

Fat sacks between the legs that waddle when walking are a sign of excess fat. Overweight dogs have fat pads on the top of their hips.

Examine Your Dog’s Behavior

Overweight dogs are typically inactive and eat quickly. If your dog has become a couch potato, has trouble walking, exhibits trouble breathing when walking, and generally appears to have trouble moving about, they might be fat.

Weigh Your Dog

The best way to determine if your dog is overweight is to have them weighed by your veterinarian. Your vet can compare your dog’s weight to a body condition score chart, which ranks a dog’s body type by shape.

What is BCS (Body Condition Score) in pets and how is it determined?

BCS, or Body Condition Score, is a method used to evaluate body fat in pets. It is a subjective measurement, meaning it requires visualization and palpation (feeling with the hands) to assess. The BCS system ranges from 1 to 9, with higher numbers indicating more body fat.

The determination of BCS involves both visual and tactile assessments. Here are the steps to assign a score:

• Visual Assessment from Above: Look at your pet from above and check if there is a waistline that curves in behind the rib cage, giving your pet an hourglass figure

• Visual Assessment from the Side: Sit on the floor and look at your pet from the side. Check if your pet has a tummy tuck, where the abdomen slants upwards between the ribcage and the hind legs, or if there is a saggy belly.

• Palpation: Feel your pet’s ribs. If your pet is a healthy weight, you should easily feel the ribs with a thin layer of fat over them. If the ribs are difficult to feel, your pet may have an excess layer of fat.

• Additional Checks: You can also run your hands over your pet’s rump to feel the pelvic bones and pet him from neck to tail to feel the backbone. Both areas should be covered with minimal fat, allowing you to feel bone without pressing too hard.

Based on these assessments, you can assign a numerical score to your pet. Here’s a simplified breakdown:

 1/9 (Very thin)

Your pet will have a score of 1/9  if you observe these changes in its body.

Ribs, backbone, and pelvic bones stick out. Loss of muscle mass is present. Severe tummy tuck and dramatic waistline on both cats and dogs.

 2/9 (very thin)

Your pet will have a score of 2/9 if you observe these changes in its body.

Ribs, backbone, and pelvic bones are visible, but there is only a minor loss of muscle mass. Severe waistline and tummy tuck.

 3/9 (thin)

Your pet will have a score of 3/9 if you observe these changes in its body.

Ribs, pelvis, and backbone are easily palpated and somewhat visible. Severe waistline and tummy tuck.

4/9 (thin)

Your pet will have a score of 4/9 if you observe these changes in its body.

Ribs, pelvis, and backbone are easily palpated but not as visible. Obvious waistline and tummy tuck.

5 (ideal)

Your pet will have a score of 5/9 if you observe these changes in its body.

Ribs, pelvis, and backbone are palpable with a thin layer of fat covering. Waistline and tummy tuck are obvious but not severe with more gradual curves. Cats have minimal abdominal fat pads in front of the rear legs.

6/9 (overweight)

Your pet will have a score of 6/9 if you observe these changes in its body.

Slight fat layer over the ribs, backbone, and pelvis making them more difficult to palpate. A tummy tuck is present but minimal. The waistline is visible but not prominent. Cats have a minimal fat pad.

7/9  (overweight)

Your pet will have a score of 7/9 if you observe these changes in its body.

Ribs are covered with a heavy fat layer requiring finger pressure to feel. It is difficult to feel the backbone or pelvis. The waistline is not apparent, and the tummy tuck is still slightly visible. Cats have a moderate abdominal fat pad.

8/9  (overweight)

Your pet will have a score of 8/9 if you observe these changes in its body.

Ribs, pelvis, and backbone are covered with a thick fat layer and palpable only with extreme pressure. There is no tummy tuck or waistline.

9/9 (obesity)

Your pet will have a score of 9/9 if you observe these changes in its body.

Ribs and backbone are not palpable under a thick fat layer. Abdominal distention projects

downward (opposite of a tummy tuck) and outward (protruding waistline). Fat deposits on legs, face, over the tail head covering pelvis. Cats have an extensive abdominal fat pad and sagging bellies.

A score of 5/9 is considered ideal for most pets.

Tips for managing obesity in dogs 

Obesity in dogs is a significant concern, leading to various health issues, including joint stress and chronic inflammatory pain. By managing your dog’s weight effectively, you can help ensure their overall well-being and increase their lifespan. Utilize the following strategies to assist your dog in shedding those extra kilograms.

Measure Food Accurately

If you prefer to use your current food, reduce the quantity by 10% and monitor your dog’s weight. Use a measuring cup to portion the food accurately, ensuring that the cup is level and not heaping.

Limit Treats

Monitor or significantly reduce the number of treats given to your dog. Many pets gain weight due to the excessive number of snacks and treats they receive. Treats are often calorie-dense, so limiting them is crucial for maintaining a healthy weight. Consider setting aside a portion of one meal for treats throughout the day.

Add Vegetables and Water to Meals

Adding healthy vegetables such as green beans to your dog’s kibble or incorporating plain canned pumpkin (between one teaspoon and one tablespoon, depending on your dog’s size) can help your dog feel fuller and improve stool quality. Adding water to your dog’s meals can also help with hydration and satiety.

Exercise

Regular exercise is essential for dogs. Gradually increase the daily walk by 10% per week, or add more playtime with toys. Monitor your dog’s reaction to the increased exercise and move up gradually. If your dog shows signs of difficulty breathing or appears to be slowing down, consult your veterinarian.

Work with Your Veterinarian

Collaborate with your veterinarian to develop a personalized weight management plan for your dog. Your veterinarian can provide guidance on diet, exercise, and monitoring your dog’s weight.

Conclusion

Obesity in pet dogs is a serious health concern that can lead to various health issues such as diabetes, joint problems, and decreased lifespan. Pet owners must understand the importance of proper nutrition and exercise in managing their dog’s weight. Regular visits to the veterinarian can help monitor the dog’s weight and overall health status. Implementing a balanced diet with appropriate portion control and engaging in regular physical activity are key strategies for managing obesity in pet dogs. Additionally, avoiding excessive treats and table scraps can also contribute to maintaining a healthy weight for your furry companion.